Due to bacteria being unable to metabolize molecules, the mutagenic potential of samples is assessed directly and in the presence of metabolic activation system: Microsomal fraction S9 of Aroclor 1254 induced rat liver homogenate. Rat liver S9 is used in the Ames Test (OECD 471), in vitro Micronucleus Test (MNvit, OECD 487) and in Chromosomal Aberration Test (OECD 473) for chemicals, xenobiotics, herbicides, pesticides, biocides, cosmetics,  pharmaceutical preparations or soil, waste water.

Aroclor 1254 induced  S9 is a buffered solution containing the post mitochondrial S9 fraction of a pool of livers from male SpragueDawley rats. Liver S9 fractions (the 9000g supernatant of a liver homogenate) contain both microsomal and cytosolic fractions. S9 fraction includes many cytosolic enzymes: N-acetyl transferases, methyltransferases, sulfotransferases, glutathione transferases, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase. Both Phase I (Cytochrome P450-Monooxigenases) and Phase II metabolites act simultaneously on test samples. Due to the fact that the enzymes in the S9 fractions are diluted significantly, cofactors such as e.g. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-regenerating system (NADPH, Phase I oxidation) are required for activity. Cofactors are added to the S9 preparation before the experiment (S9 Cofactor Kit, art.no. PCO-0800).   

Please note that Aroclor 1254 is in conflict with Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and has been banned. Therefore, the availability of the Aroclor 1254-induced S9 cannot be guaranteed in the future. Alternatives like S9 Fraction from PB/ß-Naphtoflavone induced rat liver are available

Characteristics

• Protein Concentration: 25 - 35 mg/ml
• Storage: -20 or -80 C 
• Shipment: with Cool Blocks from external storage in Germany
• Shelf Life: 12 -36 months
• Quality control agar plate method: Tested in TA98, TA100
• S9 is quality controlled for the use with the miniaturized Ames MPF, Ames II Test kits, Agar plate test (TA98/100), MicroAmes24
• In full compliance with OECD 471 guideline, ICH M7, OECD 487, OECD 473, ISO13449. 
• Requested volumes in different Ames test: 0.44 mL/ strain/ compound in MicroAmes24, 0.35 mL/strain/ compound in Ames MPF, 1.4 mL / strain/ compound in Ames agar plate Test
• Can also be used for micronucleus test (MNvit) and Chromosomal Aberration Test
• Also included in all in one Ames MPF kits
• For research use only. Not intended for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use.

Also available

• Post-Mitochondrial Supernatant S9 Fraction from Aroclor 1254 induced rat liver, lyophilized, 1 mL and 2 mL
• S9 Cofactor Kit, art.no. PCO-0800
• Kits including S9: Ames MPF 98/100, Ames MPF Penta 2